initial commit

SHADE_Engine/src/Engine/ECS_Base/Components/SHComponent.cpp

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+//#include "SHpch.h"
+#include "SHComponent.h"
+
+namespace SHADE
+{
+	SHComponent::~SHComponent()
+	{
+	}
+}

SHADE_Engine/src/Engine/ECS_Base/Components/SHComponent.h

@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+/*********************************************************************
+ * \file   SHComponent.h
+ * \author Daniel Chua Yee Chen
+ * \brief  Declaration for the Component abstract base class.
+ *
+ * \copyright Copyright (c) 2021 DigiPen Institute of Technology. Reproduction
+	 or disclosure of this file or its contents without the prior written
+	 consent of DigiPen Institute of Technology is prohibited.
+ *********************************************************************/
+
+
+#ifndef SH_COMPONENT_H
+#define SH_COMPONENT_H
+
+#include "../SHECSMacros.h"
+
+namespace SHADE
+{
+
+	class SHComponentManager;
+
+	class SHComponent
+	{
+		friend SHComponentManager;
+
+	private:
+		//The ID of the entity this component belongs to.
+		EntityID entityID;
+		//Whether this entity ID has been set once. 
+		//This prevents the Set function from being able to change the entityID once it has been set
+
+
+	protected:
+
+		/*!*************************************************************************
+		 * \brief Construct a new SHComponent object
+		 * Protected default constructor to make this an abstract base class.
+		***************************************************************************/
+		SHComponent()
+			:entityID(0),isActive(true)
+		{
+		}
+
+		SHComponent(SHComponent const& other)
+			:entityID(other.entityID), isActive(other.isActive)
+		{
+		}
+
+	public:
+		//Whether or not this component is active. 
+		//Systems using this component should are responsible for checking the active state of the component before running their functionality.
+		bool isActive;
+
+		/*!*************************************************************************
+		 * \brief 
+		 * Getter function for the entityID
+		 * \return uint32_t 
+		 * The entityID that this component belongs to.
+		***************************************************************************/
+		uint32_t GetEID()const
+		{
+			return this->entityID;
+		}
+
+
+		/*!*************************************************************************
+		 * \brief Destroy the SHComponent object
+		 * Default destructor for Component Base class
+		***************************************************************************/
+		virtual ~SHComponent();
+
+		/*!*************************************************************************
+		 * \brief
+		 * A function that is called when the entity changes its parent.
+		 * This can remain empty if nothing has to be done before the parent changes.
+		 * This does not change the component that the entity belongs to
+		 * The old parent is not passed in here as the old parent might be the root node
+		 * in which case there will be no parent. 
+		 * If needed, the old parent should be deduced using this entityID
+		 * \param	newParent
+		 * EntityID of the new parent.
+		***************************************************************************/
+		virtual void ChangeParent(EntityID newParent)
+		{
+			(void)newParent;
+		}
+
+		/**************************************************************************
+		 * \brief
+		 * This is an overloaded function of Change parent when the entity
+		 * changes its parent to the root node. (No parent)
+		 * 
+		***************************************************************************/
+		virtual void ChangeParent()
+		{
+		}
+
+
+		virtual void OnDestroy()
+		{
+		}
+
+
+		virtual void OnCreate()
+		{
+		}
+
+		SHComponent& operator=(SHComponent const& other)
+		{
+			this->entityID = other.GetEID();
+			this->isActive = other.isActive;
+			return *this;
+		}
+
+
+
+
+	};
+}
+#endif

SHADE_Engine/src/Engine/ECS_Base/Components/SHComponentGroup.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+/*********************************************************************
+ * \file   SHComponent.h
+ * \author Daniel Chua Yee Chen
+ * \brief  Implementation for the SHComponentGroup class.
+ * The Component Group aids the engine to sort the components to align
+ * different component type’s data that corresponds to a single entity
+ * in the same index. The component group also ensure that all components
+ * data belonging to the group is moved to the start of the dense array.
+ *
+ * \copyright Copyright (c) 2021 DigiPen Institute of Technology. Reproduction
+	 or disclosure of this file or its contents without the prior written
+	 consent of DigiPen Institute of Technology is prohibited.
+ *********************************************************************/
+
+//#include "SHpch.h"
+#include "SHComponentGroup.h"
+#include "../System/SHComponentManager.h"
+
+
+namespace SHADE
+{
+	SHComponentGroup::SHComponentGroup()
+		:ownershipType(OWNERSHIP_TYPE::FULL_OWNERSHIP)
+	{
+		componentTypeIDs.reserve(MAX_EID);
+		ownedComponentTypes.reserve(MAX_EID);
+		entityInGroup.reserve(MAX_EID);
+	}
+
+	EntityIndex SHComponentGroup::size() noexcept
+	{
+		return (EntityIndex)entityInGroup.size();
+	}
+
+	bool SHComponentGroup::IsEntityInGroup(EntityID entityID) noexcept
+	{
+		for (auto const& eid : entityInGroup)
+		{
+			if (entityID == eid)
+			{
+				return true;
+			}
+		}
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	bool SHComponentGroup::RemoveEntity(EntityID entityID) noexcept
+	{
+		if (!IsEntityInGroup(entityID))
+		{
+			// This entity has not been added to the group. Ignore it.
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		//This entity is in the group.
+		//Move the placement of the components in all owned component types to the relevant position and remove it from the group.
+		for (auto const& ownedID : ownedComponentTypes)
+		{
+			if (SHComponentManager::ComponentCount_ID(ownedID) > 2)
+			{
+				// There are components that do not belong in the group. Need to swap to the last element
+				SHComponentManager::SwapInDenseByIndexHash_ID((EntityIndex)entityInGroup.size() - 1, entityID, ownedID);
+			}
+		}
+
+		for (std::vector<EntityID>::iterator it = entityInGroup.begin(); it != entityInGroup.end(); ++it)
+		{
+			if (*it == entityID)
+			{
+				entityInGroup.erase(it);
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	void SHComponentGroup::Clear() noexcept
+	{
+		entityInGroup.clear();
+
+	}
+
+	bool SHComponentGroup::AddComponentCheck(EntityID entityID, uint32_t componentTypeID) noexcept
+	{
+		if (IsEntityInGroup(entityID))
+		{
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		//uint32_t componentID = SHFamilyID<SHComponent>::template GetID<T>();
+
+		//Loops to check if this is one of the owned component type
+		for (auto const& id : componentTypeIDs)
+		{
+			//found it
+			if (id == componentTypeID)
+			{
+				for (auto const& typeID : componentTypeIDs)
+				{
+					if (typeID != componentTypeID && !SHComponentManager::HasComponent_ID(entityID, typeID))
+					{
+						//This entity does not contain all other component types in this group so we don't do anything yet
+						return false;
+					}
+				}
+				//This entity contains all required component types. Add to group and swap in dense
+				//auto& dense = SHComponentManager::GetDense<T>();
+
+				//Loop through all the owned component and sort them.
+				for (auto const& ownedID : ownedComponentTypes)
+				{
+					if (SHComponentManager::ComponentCount_ID(ownedID) > entityInGroup.size() + 1)
+					{
+						// There are components that do not belong in the group. Need to swap to the last element
+						SHComponentManager::SwapInDenseByIndexHash_ID((EntityIndex)entityInGroup.size(), entityID, ownedID);
+
+					}
+				}
+
+				// If dense.size() == entityInGroup.size() + 1.
+				// There is no component that is not in this group for this component type.
+				// Hence no sorting required.
+
+				//Add this entityID to group
+				entityInGroup.push_back(entityID);
+
+				return true;
+			}
+		}
+		//This component type is not in this group.
+		return false;
+	}
+
+}
+

SHADE_Engine/src/Engine/ECS_Base/Components/SHComponentGroup.h

@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+/*********************************************************************
+ * \file   SHComponent.h
+ * \author Daniel Chua Yee Chen
+ * \brief  Definition for the SHComponentGroup class.
+ * The Component Group aids the engine to sort the components to align 
+ * different component type’s data that corresponds to a single entity 
+ * in the same index. The component group also ensure that all components
+ * data belonging to the group is moved to the start of the dense array. 
+ *
+ * \copyright Copyright (c) 2021 DigiPen Institute of Technology. Reproduction
+	 or disclosure of this file or its contents without the prior written
+	 consent of DigiPen Institute of Technology is prohibited.
+ *********************************************************************/
+
+
+#ifndef SH_COMPONENT_GROUP
+#define SH_COMPONENT_GROUP
+
+#include "../SHECSMacros.h"
+#include "../General/SHFamily.h"
+#include "SHComponent.h"
+
+#include <vector>
+#include <cassert>
+#include <iostream>
+
+namespace SHADE
+{
+	enum class OWNERSHIP_TYPE
+	{
+		FULL_OWNERSHIP = 0,
+		PARTIAL_OWNERSHIP,
+		NON_OWNERSHIP,
+		OWNERSHIP_MAX
+	};
+
+
+	//template<OWNERSHIP_TYPE ownership>
+	class SHComponentGroup
+	{
+	public:
+
+
+		//This vector store the Entity IDs of all entity that belongs to this group.
+		std::vector<EntityID> entityInGroup;
+
+
+		//template<>
+		//bool CheckAddComponent();
+		SHComponentGroup();
+		~SHComponentGroup() = default;
+		
+		//friends SHComponentManager to allow ECSCore to create componentgroups
+		friend class SHComponentManager;
+
+		/**************************************************************************
+		 * \brief 
+		 * Get the number of entity in the group.
+		 * \return 
+		 * Number of entity in the group.
+		***************************************************************************/
+		EntityIndex size() noexcept;
+
+		/**************************************************************************
+		 * \brief 
+		 * Check if a entity is already in the group.
+		 * \param entityID
+		 * The entity ID of the entity
+		 * \return 
+		 * true if the entity belongs to the group
+		***************************************************************************/
+		bool IsEntityInGroup(EntityID entityID) noexcept;
+
+
+		/*!*************************************************************************
+		 * \brief
+		 * Checks whether the entity has fulfilled the requirements to be added into
+		 * the Component Group after adding a specified Component Type.
+		 * @tparam T
+		 * Component type to be added
+		 * \param	entityID
+		 * EntityID of the entity to be added
+		***************************************************************************/
+		bool AddComponentCheck(EntityID entityID, uint32_t componentTypeID) noexcept;
+
+
+		/*!*************************************************************************
+		 * \brief
+		 * Check if the Component type is in the component group and if the entity is in the group
+		 * Remove it from the group if found.
+		 * This does not handle the removal from the dense array in the sparse set.
+		 * @tparam T
+		 * Component type to be removed
+		 * \param	entityID
+		 * EntityID of the entity
+		***************************************************************************/
+		template<typename T>
+		std::enable_if_t<std::is_base_of_v<SHComponent, T>, bool> RemoveComponentCheck(EntityID entityID) noexcept
+		{
+
+			if (!IsEntityInGroup(entityID))
+			{
+				// This entity has not been added to the group. Ignore it.
+				return false;
+			}
+			bool typeFound = false;
+			uint32_t componentID = SHFamilyID<SHComponent>::template GetID<T>();
+			for (auto const& id : componentTypeIDs)
+			{
+				if (id == componentID)
+				{
+					typeFound = true;
+					break;
+				}
+			}
+			if (typeFound == false)
+			{
+				return false; //This type is not something this group needs to care about.
+			}
+
+			//This entity is in the group.
+			//Move the placement of the components in all owned component types to the relevant position and remove it from the group.
+			for (auto const& ownedID : ownedComponentTypes)
+			{
+				if (SHComponentManager::ComponentCount_ID(ownedID) > entityInGroup.size() + 1)
+				{
+					// There are components that do not belong in the group. Need to swap to the last element
+					SHComponentManager::SwapInDenseByIndexHash_ID((EntityIndex)entityInGroup.size() - 1, entityID, ownedID);
+				}
+			}
+			
+			for (std::vector<EntityID>::iterator it = entityInGroup.begin(); it != entityInGroup.end(); ++it)
+			{
+				if (*it == entityID)
+				{
+					entityInGroup.erase(it);
+					break;
+				}
+			}
+			
+			return true;
+
+		}
+		
+		/*!*************************************************************************
+		 * \brief
+		 * Checks if this entity is in the Component Group and remove it if found.
+		 *	This does not handle the removal from the dense array in the sparse set.
+		 * \param	entityID
+		 * EntityID of the entity
+		***************************************************************************/
+		bool RemoveEntity(EntityID entityID) noexcept;
+
+
+		/*!*************************************************************************
+		 * \brief
+		 * Resets the Component Group by clearing all entity in group.
+		 * This will not change the Component Types that belong in the group but 
+		 * only clear the entity that belongs to the group.
+		 * This is used for scene transition where all entities are cleared.
+		***************************************************************************/
+		void Clear() noexcept;
+
+
+	private:
+		OWNERSHIP_TYPE ownershipType;
+
+	protected:
+
+		//This vector stores all IDs of all the component type that belongs to this group.
+	//This will be assigned when the group gets created and used by the group themselves when they for add/remove components.
+			std::vector<uint32_t> componentTypeIDs;
+
+		//This vector stores the IDs of all the component type that this group owns.
+		//Each component type can only be owned by one group.
+		std::vector<uint32_t> ownedComponentTypes;
+
+
+
+	};
+
+}
+
+
+#endif

SHADE_Engine/src/Engine/ECS_Base/Entity/SHEntity.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+/*********************************************************************
+ * \file   SHEntity.cpp
+ * \author Daniel Chua Yee Chen
+ * \brief  Definition of function used in SHEntity class.
+ *
+ * \copyright Copyright (c) 2021 DigiPen Institute of Technology. Reproduction
+	 or disclosure of this file or its contents without the prior written
+	 consent of DigiPen Institute of Technology is prohibited.
+ *********************************************************************/
+//#include "SHpch.h"
+#include "SHEntity.h"
+#include "../System/SHEntityManager.h"
+//#include "Scene/SHSceneGraph.h"
+#include "../System/SHComponentManager.h"
+
+namespace SHADE
+{
+
+	SHEntity::SHEntity()
+		:entityID(),isActive(true)
+	{
+		
+	}
+
+	SHEntity::~SHEntity()
+	{
+		
+		//SHEntityManager::RemoveEntity(this->entityID);
+	}
+
+	EntityID SHEntity::GetEID() noexcept
+	{
+		return this->entityID;
+	}
+
+	void SHEntity::SetActive(bool active) noexcept
+	{
+		isActive = active;
+		SHComponentManager::SetActive(entityID, active);
+	}
+
+
+
+	void SHEntity::SetParent(SHEntity* newParent) noexcept
+	{
+			//TODO
+	}
+
+	void SHEntity::SetParent(EntityID newParentID) noexcept
+	{
+			//TODO
+	}
+
+	SHEntity* SHEntity::GetParent() noexcept
+	{
+		 //TODO
+		return nullptr;
+	}
+
+
+	std::vector<SHEntity*>const& SHEntity::GetChildren() noexcept
+	{
+			//TODO
+		return std::vector<SHEntity*>{};
+	}
+
+	std::vector<EntityID>const& SHEntity::GetChildrenID() noexcept
+	{
+		return std::vector<EntityID>{};
+	}
+
+}

SHADE_Engine/src/Engine/ECS_Base/Entity/SHEntity.h

@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+/*********************************************************************
+ * \file   SHEntity.h
+ * \author Daniel Chua Yee Chen
+ * \brief  Declaration for the Entity abstract base class.
+ *
+ * \copyright Copyright (c) 2021 DigiPen Institute of Technology. Reproduction
+	 or disclosure of this file or its contents without the prior written
+	 consent of DigiPen Institute of Technology is prohibited.
+ *********************************************************************/
+
+#ifndef SH_ENTITY_H
+#define SH_ENTITY_H
+
+#include "../SHECSMacros.h"
+#include "../Components/SHComponent.h"
+#include "../System/SHComponentManager.h"
+//#include "../../Scene/SHSceneNode.h"
+
+
+
+namespace SHADE
+{
+	class SHComponentManager;
+	class SHEntityManager; 
+
+	class SHEntity
+	{
+	public:
+
+
+		/**************************************************************************
+		 * Friends with SHEntityManger.
+		 * This allows SHEntityManager to generate a unique entityID for the entity
+		 * upon creation.
+		 * .
+		***************************************************************************/
+		friend SHEntityManager;
+
+
+		/*!*************************************************************************
+		 * \brief Construct a new SHEntity object
+		 * Default constructor for the Entity Object.
+		 * Entities are given their entityID here.
+		***************************************************************************/
+		SHEntity();
+
+		/*!*************************************************************************
+		 * \brief Destroy the SHEntity object
+		 * Default destructor for the Entity object.
+		 * Removes the entityID and queue it for recycling.
+		***************************************************************************/
+		virtual ~SHEntity();
+
+
+		/*!*************************************************************************
+		 * \brief Get the Component object
+		 * A templated GetComponent_s function that calls GetComponent_s from SHComponentManager.
+		 * This is for ease of use.
+		 * @tparam T 
+		 * The type of the Component we are trying to get.
+		 * \return  
+		 * A pointer to the Component we are trying to get.
+		 * Returns nullptr if the entity does not have such Component.
+		***************************************************************************/
+		template<typename T>
+		std::enable_if_t<std::is_base_of_v<SHComponent, T>, T*> GetComponent() noexcept
+		{
+			
+			return SHComponentManager::GetComponent_s<T>(entityID);
+			//return nullptr;
+		}
+
+
+		/*!*************************************************************************
+		 * \brief 
+		 * Getter function for the entityID
+		 * \return uint32_t 
+		 * The entityID of this Entity object.
+		***************************************************************************/
+		EntityID GetEID() noexcept;
+
+		/*!*************************************************************************
+		 * \brief Set the Active object
+		 * Sets the isActive of all Components in this entity.
+		 * This is done through SHComponentManager and this function is for ease of use.
+		 * If derived classes of Entity overloads this function, they are expected to 
+		 * call this function using SHEntity::SetActive(active) to change the active of
+		 * all components
+		 * \param	active
+		 *  The active state to change all components in this entity.
+		***************************************************************************/
+		virtual void SetActive(bool active) noexcept;
+
+
+
+		/**************************************************************************
+		 * \brief 
+		 * Change the parent of the entity object in the scene graph.
+		 * This command will be stored in a queue and only applied when
+		 * SHSceneGraph::UpdateHierachy is called.
+		 * \param newParent
+		 * A pointer to the new parent entity.
+		 * Pass a nullptr to attach this entity to the root node instead.
+		***************************************************************************/
+		void SetParent(SHEntity* newParent = nullptr) noexcept;
+
+
+		/**************************************************************************
+		 * \brief 
+		 * Change the parent of the entity object in the scene graphj.
+		 * This command will be stored in a queue and only applied when 
+		 * SHSceneGraph::UpdateHierachy is called
+		 * This is the overloaded version of the function that takes in a 
+		 * EntityID instead. This cannot be used to attach to the root node.
+		 * \param newParentID
+		 * The entityID of the new parent.
+		***************************************************************************/
+		void SetParent(EntityID newParentID) noexcept;
+
+		/**************************************************************************
+		 * \brief 
+		 * Get a pointer to the parent entity.
+		 * \return 
+		 * Returns a pointer to the parent entity.
+		 * Returns a nullptr if the parent node is the root node.
+		***************************************************************************/
+		SHEntity* GetParent() noexcept;
+
+
+		/**************************************************************************
+		 * \brief 
+		 * Get a vector of SHEntity pointers of the children belonging to this entity.
+		 * \return 
+		 * Return a vector of SHEntity pointers of the children belonging to this entity.
+		***************************************************************************/
+		std::vector<SHEntity*>const& GetChildren() noexcept;
+
+		/**************************************************************************
+		 * \brief 
+		 * Get a vector of EntityID of the children belonging to this entity.
+		 * \return 
+		 * return a vector of EntityID of the children belonging to this entity.
+		***************************************************************************/
+		std::vector<EntityID>const& GetChildrenID() noexcept;
+
+
+		std::string name;
+		bool isActive;
+
+
+	private:
+		//The identifier of the entity.
+		//This is split into 2 x 16-bits that represents version and index respectively
+		//Index is used by the engine to index the entity.
+		//Version is used by the engine to recycle the index of the entity.
+		EntityID entityID;
+
+
+	};
+}
+
+
+#endif

SHADE_Engine/src/Engine/ECS_Base/General/SHFamily.h

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+/*********************************************************************
+ * \file   SHFamily.h
+ * \author Daniel Chua Yee Chen
+ * \brief  Declaration for the SHFamily template class.
+ * This class is to create a unique identifier for each derived class type.
+ * Example: Each Component type (SHTransformComponent / SHRenderableComponent)
+ * will have a different identifier generated by this class.
+ *
+ * \copyright Copyright (c) 2021 DigiPen Institute of Technology. Reproduction
+	 or disclosure of this file or its contents without the prior written
+	 consent of DigiPen Institute of Technology is prohibited.
+ *********************************************************************/
+
+#ifndef SH_FAMILY_H
+#define SH_FAMILY_H
+
+#include "../SHECSMacros.h"
+
+
+namespace SHADE
+{
+	template<typename BaseClass>
+	class SHFamilyID
+	{
+	private:
+		//this is used to keep track of the new current ID to be assign to a new Derived class type.
+		static ComponentTypeID currentID;
+
+		/*!*************************************************************************
+		 * \brief Construct a new SHFamilyID object
+		 * Private constructor.
+		 * No objects of this type should be made.
+		 * Only use the static functions of this class
+		***************************************************************************/
+		SHFamilyID()
+		{
+		}
+
+		/*!*************************************************************************
+		 * \brief Destroy the SHFamilyID object
+		 * Private destructor.
+		 * No objects of this type should be made.
+		 * Only use the static functions of this class
+		***************************************************************************/
+		virtual ~SHFamilyID()
+		{
+		}
+	public:
+
+		/*!*************************************************************************
+		 * \brief
+		 * Checks if this identifier is cuurrently in use / valid.
+		 * \param	id
+		 *  Identifier to check for.
+		 * \return bool
+		 * true if the identifier is currently in use.
+		 * false if the identifier is not in use.
+		***************************************************************************/
+		static bool IsValidID(ComponentTypeID id) noexcept
+		{
+			return(id < currentID);
+		}
+
+		/*!*************************************************************************
+		 * \brief
+		 * Get the ID of a derived class type.
+		 * Example of function call to this function should be:
+		 * SHFamily<SHComponent>::GetID<SHTransformComponent>();
+		 * @tparam DerivedClass
+		 * The derived class type that we are trying to get the ID of.
+		***************************************************************************/
+		template<typename DerivedClass>
+		static ENABLE_IF_DERIVED(ComponentTypeID, BaseClass, DerivedClass) GetID() noexcept
+		{
+			//The first time a new derived class type call this get id, it will initialize id using the currentID from familyID class.
+			static ComponentTypeID id = currentID++;
+			return id;
+		}
+	};
+	//initialize currentID as 0
+	template<typename BaseClass>
+	ComponentTypeID SHFamilyID<BaseClass>::currentID = 0;
+
+}
+
+
+
+#endif

SHADE_Engine/src/Engine/ECS_Base/General/SHHandleGenerator.h

@@ -0,0 +1,305 @@
+/*********************************************************************
+ * \file   SHHandleGenerator.h
+ * \author Daniel Chua Yee Chen
+ * 
+ * \brief  Declaration for the SHHandleGenerator class.
+ * Generates a unique identifier/handle for objects.
+ * This is different from SHFamily which is meant to generate identifier for object types.
+ * 
+ *
+ * \copyright Copyright (c) 2021 DigiPen Institute of Technology. Reproduction
+	 or disclosure of this file or its contents without the prior written
+	 consent of DigiPen Institute of Technology is prohibited.
+ *********************************************************************/
+#ifndef SH_HANDLE_GENERATOR_H
+#define SH_HANDLE_GENERATOR_H
+
+#include <vector>
+#include <iostream>
+
+#include "../SHECSMacros.h"
+
+
+
+namespace SHADE
+{
+	/*********************************************************************
+	 * \brief
+	 *	Generates a unique handle of HandleType type.
+	 *	The first half of the bits will be used for version. This is used for recyling the IDs.
+	 *	The second half of the bits will be used for the index, this is also used as its ID.
+	 * 
+	 *	HandleType should always be twice the size of IndexType
+	 *********************************************************************/
+	
+	template <typename HandleType, typename IndexType>
+	class SHHandleGenerator
+	{
+	private:
+		//List of all the handles in use. Handles that are deleted are still stored here.
+		std::vector<HandleType> handleList;
+		//The next handle to be used.
+		HandleType nextRecycle;
+		//The total number of handles that are currently deleted and waiting to be recycled.
+		HandleType recycleCounter;
+
+		//The Mask is variable is used to easily separate the version and index via bit masking (bitwise &).
+
+
+		//The index mask is used to identify the index. 
+		//(1<<16) - 1. Shift 1 bit to the left 16 times and -1. This leaves the first 16 bits as 0 and the -1 makes the second 16 bits all 1.
+		static const HandleType indexMask = (1 << sizeof(IndexType) * 8) - 1;
+
+		//using the bitwise NOT, invert the index mask to get the version mask.
+		static const HandleType versionMask = ~indexMask;
+
+	public:
+		/*!*************************************************************************
+		 * \brief Construct a new SHHandleGenerator object
+		 * default constructor for the HandleGenerator object.
+		***************************************************************************/
+		SHHandleGenerator()
+			:nextRecycle(0),recycleCounter(0)
+		{
+		}
+
+		/*!*************************************************************************
+		 * \brief Destroy the SHHandleGenerator object
+		 * Default destructor for the HandleGenerator object.
+		***************************************************************************/
+		~SHHandleGenerator() = default;
+
+
+		/*!*************************************************************************
+		 * \brief 
+		 * Combines the 16-bit version and 16-bit index to make a 32-bit handle.
+		 * \param	verison
+		 *  The 16-bit version
+		 * \param	index
+		 *  The 16-bit index
+		 * \return HandleType 
+		 *  The resultant Handle
+		***************************************************************************/
+		static HandleType GetHandle(IndexType version, IndexType index) noexcept
+		{
+			return (version << sizeof(IndexType) * 8) | index;
+		}
+
+		/*!*************************************************************************
+		 * \brief 
+		 * Gets the 16-bit version from the 32-bit handle
+		 * \param	handle
+		 * The 32-bit handle
+		 * \return IndexType 
+		 * The 16-bit version
+		***************************************************************************/
+		static IndexType GetVersion(HandleType handle) noexcept
+		{
+			return handle >> sizeof(IndexType) * 8;
+		}
+		
+		/*!*************************************************************************
+		 * \brief 
+		 * Gets the 16-bit index from the 32-bit handle
+		 * \param	handle
+		 * The 32-bit handle
+		 * \return IndexType 
+		 * The 16-bit index
+		***************************************************************************/
+		static IndexType GetIndex(HandleType handle) noexcept
+		{
+			return handle & indexMask;
+		}
+
+		/*!*************************************************************************
+		 * \brief 
+		 * Checks if the current handle is still valid. This checks if the index
+		 * of the handle is in use, then checks if the version of the current index
+		 * matches the handle we are checking for.
+		 * \param	handle
+		 * The handle to check for.
+		 * \return bool 
+		 * True if the handle is still valid. False if the handle has been removed
+		 * or not in use.
+		***************************************************************************/
+		bool IsValid(HandleType handle) noexcept
+		{
+			IndexType index = GetIndex(handle);
+			if (index >= (IndexType)handleList.size()) // handle is out of range of intialized index
+			{
+				return false;
+			}
+
+			return (handleList[index] == handle); // this will check if the current handle at that index has been removed.
+		}
+
+		/**************************************************************************
+		 * \brief 
+		 * Get the number of active handles.
+		 * \return 
+		 * Number of active handles.
+		***************************************************************************/
+		IndexType GetActiveHandleCount() noexcept
+		{
+			return (IndexType)(handleList.size() - recycleCounter);
+		}
+
+		/*!*************************************************************************
+		 * \brief 
+		 * Request the Generator for a new handle. This will provide recycled index
+		 * if available
+		 * \return HandleType 
+		 * The new handle.
+		***************************************************************************/
+		HandleType GetNewHandle() noexcept
+		{
+			HandleType result;
+
+			//Check if there is any index waiting to be recycled
+			if (recycleCounter == 0) // nothing to be recycled. Make a new one
+			{
+				result = GetHandle(0, (IndexType)handleList.size());
+				handleList.push_back(result);
+				return result;
+			}
+			//There is a index waiting to be recycled.
+			result = nextRecycle;
+			IndexType index = GetIndex(nextRecycle);
+			//updates the next recycle.
+			nextRecycle = handleList[index];
+			handleList[index] = result;
+			--recycleCounter;
+			return result;
+
+		}
+
+		/*!*************************************************************************
+		 * \brief 
+		 * Removes a handle and make it invalid and queue it for recycling.
+		 * \param	handle
+		 * The handle to remove.
+		***************************************************************************/
+		void RemoveHandle(HandleType handle) noexcept
+		{
+			if (!IsValid(handle))
+			{
+				return;
+			}
+
+			IndexType index = GetIndex(handle);
+			IndexType version = GetVersion(handle);
+
+			//set the handle at the current index to the next thing to be recycled.
+			handleList[index] = nextRecycle;
+
+			//set the next recycle to be the thing that was just deleted with its version incremented.
+			nextRecycle = GetHandle(version + 1, index);
+			++recycleCounter;
+
+		}
+
+		/*!*************************************************************************
+		 * \brief 
+		 * Clears all the handles in use and Resets the handle generation.
+		***************************************************************************/
+		void ClearAllHandles() noexcept
+		{
+			handleList.clear();
+			nextRecycle = 0;
+			recycleCounter = 0;
+		}
+
+		/**************************************************************************
+		 * \brief 
+		 * Attempts to claim a specified handle. If the handle is available, the 
+		 * generator will mark it as claimed and return true.
+		 * Updates recycles accordingly when adding extra padding to the handle list.
+		 * 
+		 * \param handle
+		 * The handle to claim
+		 * 
+		 * \return 
+		 * true if the handle is available to claim.
+		***************************************************************************/
+    bool ClaimHandle(HandleType handle) noexcept
+    {
+      IndexType index = GetIndex(handle);
+
+      if (handleList.size() <= index || GetIndex(handleList[index]) != index)
+      {
+        //This index is currently not in use
+
+        if (index >= handleList.size())
+        {
+          IndexType size = (IndexType)handleList.size();
+
+          for (IndexType i = 0; i < index - size; ++i)
+          {
+            handleList.push_back((IndexType)handleList.size());
+
+            HandleType back = handleList.back();
+            //set the handle at the current index to the next thing to be recycled.
+            if (recycleCounter > 0)
+              handleList.back() = nextRecycle;
+            else
+            {
+              handleList.back() = (HandleType)-1;
+            }
+
+            //set the next recycle to be the thing that was just deleted with its version incremented.
+            nextRecycle = GetHandle(0, GetIndex(back));
+            ++recycleCounter;
+          }
+          handleList.push_back(handle);
+
+        }
+        else
+        {
+					if (index == GetIndex(nextRecycle))
+					{
+						index = GetIndex(nextRecycle);
+						//updates the next recycle.
+						nextRecycle = handleList[index];
+						handleList[index] = handle;
+						--recycleCounter;
+						return true;
+					}
+
+          if (recycleCounter > 0)
+          {
+            HandleType recycle = handleList[index];
+            IndexType recycleIndex = GetIndex(nextRecycle);
+            HandleType i = 0;
+            while (i < recycleCounter)
+            {
+              if (GetIndex(handleList[recycleIndex]) == index)
+                break;
+              recycleIndex = GetIndex(handleList[recycleIndex]);
+              ++i;
+            }
+            --recycleCounter;
+            if (recycleCounter > 0 && recycleIndex < handleList.size())
+              handleList[recycleIndex] = recycle;
+          }
+          handleList[index] = handle;
+        }
+
+
+        return true;
+      }
+
+      return false;
+
+    }
+
+
+	};
+
+
+
+	typedef SHHandleGenerator<EntityID, EntityIndex> EntityHandleGenerator;
+
+}
+
+
+#endif

SHADE_Engine/src/Engine/ECS_Base/General/SHSparseBase.h

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+/*********************************************************************
+ * \file   SHSparseBase.h
+ * \author Daniel Chua Yee Chen
+ * \brief  Declaration for the SHSparseBase class.
+ * This is an abstract class for the SHSparseSet template class.
+ * This allows the SHSparseSetContainer class to store SparseSet of different types.
+ *
+ * \copyright Copyright (c) 2021 DigiPen Institute of Technology. Reproduction
+	 or disclosure of this file or its contents without the prior written
+	 consent of DigiPen Institute of Technology is prohibited.
+ *********************************************************************/
+
+#ifndef SH_SPARSE_BASE_H
+#define SH_SPARSE_BASE_H
+
+#include "../SHECSMacros.h"
+
+namespace SHADE
+{
+
+	class SHSparseBase
+	{
+		protected:
+			SHSparseBase() = default;
+
+		public:
+			virtual ~SHSparseBase() = default;
+
+			virtual void Remove(EntityIndex hash) { (void)hash; };
+			
+			virtual void Clear() {};
+
+			virtual void Swap(EntityIndex hash1, EntityIndex hash2) { (void)hash1; (void)hash2; };
+
+			virtual void SwapIndexHash(EntityIndex index1, EntityIndex hash) { (void)index1; (void)hash; };
+
+			virtual bool Has(EntityIndex hash) = 0;
+
+			virtual void* Get(EntityIndex hash) { (void)hash; return nullptr; };
+
+			virtual void Add(EntityIndex hash) { (void)hash; };
+
+			virtual EntityIndex Count() = 0;
+
+	};
+
+}
+
+
+#endif

SHADE_Engine/src/Engine/ECS_Base/General/SHSparseSet.h

@@ -0,0 +1,356 @@
+/*********************************************************************
+ * \file   SHSparseSet.h
+ * \author Daniel Chua Yee Chen
+ * \brief  Declaration for the SHSparseSet template class
+ * This is a container that allows for fast iteration due to contiguous memory
+ * storage while having fast lookup time at the cost of memory usage.
+ *
+ * \copyright Copyright (c) 2021 DigiPen Institute of Technology. Reproduction
+	 or disclosure of this file or its contents without the prior written
+	 consent of DigiPen Institute of Technology is prohibited.
+ *********************************************************************/
+#ifndef SH_SPARSE_SET_H
+#define SH_SPARSE_SET_H
+
+#include "../SHECSMacros.h"
+#include "../General/SHSparseBase.h"
+#include "../General/SHHandleGenerator.h"
+#include <vector>
+#include <array>
+#include <algorithm>
+
+namespace SHADE
+{
+	template <typename T, EntityIndex MAX>
+	class SHSparseSet: public SHSparseBase
+	{
+	private:
+		//Dense array of type T
+		std::vector<T> denseArray;
+		//This array stores the key of the corresponding element in the dense array. (eg. entity ID)
+		std::vector<EntityIndex> denseIndexArray;
+
+		//Sparse Array. This array helps with look up
+		EntityIndex sparseArray[MAX];
+
+	public:
+
+		/*!*************************************************************************
+		 * \brief Construct a new SHSparseSet object
+		 * Default constructor for the SparseSet class.
+		***************************************************************************/
+		SHSparseSet()
+		{
+			for (EntityIndex i = 0; i < MAX; ++i)
+			{
+				sparseArray[i] = UINT16_MAX;
+			}
+
+			denseArray.reserve(MAX);
+			denseIndexArray.reserve(MAX);
+		}
+
+		/*!*************************************************************************
+		 * \brief Destroy the SHSparseSet object
+		 * Default destructor for the SparseSet class.
+		***************************************************************************/
+		virtual ~SHSparseSet()
+		{
+			Clear();
+		}
+
+		/*!*************************************************************************
+		 * \brief 
+		 * Clears all elements in the current SparseSet and resets the sparseArray.
+		***************************************************************************/
+		void Clear() noexcept
+		{
+			denseArray.clear();
+			denseIndexArray.clear();
+			for (EntityIndex i = 0; i < MAX; ++i)
+			{
+				sparseArray[i] = UINT16_MAX;
+			}
+		}
+
+		/*!*************************************************************************
+		 * \brief 
+		 * Check is the specified hash is in range of the sparseSet.
+		 * \param	hash
+		 * Hash to check for.
+		 * \return bool 
+		 * true if the specified hash is in range of the spraseSet.
+		***************************************************************************/
+		bool IsValid(EntityIndex hash) noexcept
+		{
+			return (hash < MAX);
+		}
+
+		/*!*************************************************************************
+		 * \brief 
+		 * Checks if this sparseSet contains an element with specified hash. 
+		 * \param	hash
+		 * The hash to check for.
+		 * \return bool 
+		 * true if the element with this hash is found. false if no such element is found.
+		***************************************************************************/
+		virtual bool Has(EntityIndex hash) noexcept
+		{
+			//Check if the hash passed in is within range.
+			if (!IsValid(hash) || sparseArray[hash] == UINT16_MAX)
+			{
+				return false;
+			}
+			return (denseIndexArray[sparseArray[hash]] == hash);
+		}
+
+		/*!*************************************************************************
+		 * \brief 
+		 * Get a pointer to the element with the specified hash.
+		 
+		 * This is the safe version which does a Has() check and return a nullptr
+		 * if it does not have such an Element
+		 * 
+		 * \param	hash
+		 * The hash of the element to look for.
+		 * \return T* 
+		 * returns a pointer to the element with the specified hash if found.
+		 * returns a nullptr if no such element is found.
+		***************************************************************************/
+		T* GetElement_s(EntityIndex hash) noexcept
+		{
+			if (!Has(hash))
+			{
+				return nullptr;
+			}
+
+			return &denseArray[sparseArray[hash]];
+		}
+
+		/*!*************************************************************************
+		 * \brief
+		 * Get a pointer to the element with the specified hash.
+
+		 * This bypasses the Has() check and assumes that the hash has a Element
+		 * in the dense array.
+		 *
+		 * \param	hash
+		 * The hash of the element to look for.
+		 * \return T*
+		 * returns a pointer to the element with the specified hash if found.
+		 * returns a nullptr if no such element is found.
+		***************************************************************************/
+		T* GetElement(EntityIndex hash) noexcept
+		{
+			return &denseArray[sparseArray[hash]];
+		}
+
+
+
+		/*!*************************************************************************
+		 * \brief 
+		 * Operator overload for the subscript operator. 
+		 * Gets the element by reference with the hash specified in the subscript.
+		 * This does not handle out of range exceptions.
+		 * \param	hash
+		 * The hash of the element we are trying to get
+		 * \return T& 
+		 * A reference to the element found.
+		***************************************************************************/
+		T& operator[](EntityIndex hash) noexcept
+		{
+			return denseArray[sparseArray[hash]];
+		}
+
+		/*!*************************************************************************
+		 * \brief 
+		 * Get the number of elements in the current SparseSet
+		 * \return uint16_t 
+		 * The number of elements in the SparseSet.
+		***************************************************************************/
+		virtual EntityIndex Count() noexcept
+		{
+			return (EntityIndex)denseArray.size();
+		}
+
+		/*!*************************************************************************
+		 * \brief 
+		 * Getter function for the dense array.
+		 * \return std::vector<T>& 
+		 * return a reference to the dense array.
+		***************************************************************************/
+		std::vector<T>& GetDense() noexcept
+		{
+			return denseArray;
+		}
+
+		/*!*************************************************************************
+		 * \brief 
+		 * Const getter function for the dense array.
+		 * \return std::vector<T>& 
+		 * return a const reference to the dense array.
+		***************************************************************************/
+		const std::vector<T> GetDense() const noexcept
+		{
+			return denseArray;
+		}
+
+		/*!*************************************************************************
+		 * \brief 
+		 * Swaps two elements in the dense array.
+		 * This only swaps their position in the dense array and updates their 
+		 * Sparse index reference in the sprase array accordingly.
+		 * This DOES NOT change the hash of the elements.
+		 * \param	hash1
+		 * Hash of the first element
+		 * \param	hash2
+		 * Hash of the second element
+		***************************************************************************/
+		virtual void Swap(EntityIndex hash1, EntityIndex hash2) noexcept
+		{
+			if (!Has(hash1) || !Has(hash2) || hash1 == hash2)
+			{
+				return;
+			}
+			T tempElement = denseArray[sparseArray[hash1]];
+			EntityIndex tempIndex = denseIndexArray[sparseArray[hash1]];
+			EntityIndex tempSparse = sparseArray[hash1];
+
+			denseArray[sparseArray[hash1]] = denseArray[sparseArray[hash2]];
+			denseIndexArray[sparseArray[hash1]] = denseIndexArray[sparseArray[hash2]];
+			sparseArray[hash1] = sparseArray[hash2];
+
+			denseArray[sparseArray[hash2]] = tempElement;
+			denseIndexArray[sparseArray[hash2]] = tempIndex;
+			sparseArray[hash2] = tempSparse;
+
+		}
+
+		/*!*************************************************************************
+		 * \brief
+		 * Swaps two elements in the dense array.
+		 * This only swaps their position in the dense array and updates their
+		 * Sparse index reference in the sprase array accordingly.
+		 * This swaps using a index(position in the dense array) and a hash (EntityID)
+		 * This DOES NOT change the hash of the elements.
+		 * \param	index1
+		 * The position in the dense array of the first element
+		 * \param	hash
+		 * Hash of the second element
+		***************************************************************************/
+		virtual void SwapIndexHash(EntityIndex index1, EntityIndex hash) noexcept
+		{
+			if (index1 >= denseArray.size() || !Has(hash))
+			{
+				return;
+			}
+			Swap(denseIndexArray[index1], hash);
+		}
+
+		/*!*************************************************************************
+		 * \brief 
+		 * Adds a new element to the SparseSet.
+		 * \param	hash
+		 * The hash of the new element.
+		 * Nothing is added if the SparseSet already contains an element with 
+		 * the same hash.
+		 * \param	element
+		 * A reference to the element to be added. This will be passed in as a
+		 * copy and the default copy constructor will be used to copy the element
+		 * into the dense array.
+		***************************************************************************/
+		void Add(EntityIndex hash, T& element) noexcept
+		{
+			if (!IsValid(hash) || Has(hash))
+			{
+				return;
+			}
+
+			denseArray.emplace_back(element);
+			denseIndexArray.emplace_back (hash);
+			sparseArray[hash] = EntityIndex(denseIndexArray.size() - 1);
+		}
+
+		/**************************************************************************
+		 * \brief 
+		 * Adds a new element to the SparseSet.
+		 * \param	hash
+		 * The hash of the new element.
+		 * Nothing is added if the SparseSet already contains an element with
+		 * the same hash.
+		 * \return 
+		 * None
+		***************************************************************************/
+		void Add(EntityIndex hash) noexcept
+		{
+			if (!IsValid(hash) || Has(hash))
+			{
+				return;
+			}
+
+			denseArray.emplace_back(T());
+			denseIndexArray.emplace_back(hash);
+			sparseArray[hash] = EntityIndex(denseIndexArray.size() - 1);
+		}
+		
+
+
+		/*!*************************************************************************
+		 * \brief 
+		 * Removes an element from the Sparse Set
+		 * \param	hash
+		 * 
+		***************************************************************************/
+		virtual void Remove(EntityIndex hash) noexcept
+		{
+			if (!Has(hash))
+			{
+				return;
+			}
+
+			//Get the index of the item to be removed.
+			EntityIndex index = sparseArray[hash];
+
+			//Get the sparse index of the last element in the dense array.
+			EntityIndex lastSparse = denseIndexArray.back();
+
+			//Copy the contents of the last elements to the replace the element we are trying to remove
+			//denseArray[index] = denseArray.back();
+			//denseIndexArray[index] = denseIndexArray.back();
+			
+			//denseArray.erase(denseArray.begin() + index);
+			//denseIndexArray.erase(denseIndexArray.begin() + index);
+			Swap(hash, lastSparse);
+
+			//update the sparse array with the new index of our last element.
+			sparseArray[lastSparse] = index;
+			sparseArray[hash] = UINT16_MAX;
+
+			//Pop out the last element since we no longer need it
+			denseArray.pop_back();
+			denseIndexArray.pop_back();
+		}
+		
+		/**************************************************************************
+		 * \brief 
+		 * Get the element specified by a hash. This will be casted to a void 
+		 * pointer
+		 * \param hash
+		 * The Index of the element.
+		 * \return 
+		 * A void pointer to the element.
+		***************************************************************************/
+		virtual void* Get(EntityIndex hash) noexcept
+		{
+			if (!Has(hash))
+			{
+				//no such element in this sparse set.
+				return nullptr;
+			}
+			return (void*) &denseArray[sparseArray[hash]];
+		}
+
+	};
+}
+
+#endif

SHADE_Engine/src/Engine/ECS_Base/General/SHSparseSetContainer.h

@@ -0,0 +1,248 @@
+/*********************************************************************
+ * \file   SHSparseSetContainer.h
+ * \author Daniel Chua Yee Chen
+ * \brief  Declaration for SHSparseSetContainer template class.
+ * This is a container for SHSparseSets meant to contain SparseSets of 
+ * different types that are derived from a shared Base class.
+ *
+ * \copyright Copyright (c) 2021 DigiPen Institute of Technology. Reproduction
+	 or disclosure of this file or its contents without the prior written
+	 consent of DigiPen Institute of Technology is prohibited.
+ *********************************************************************/
+
+#ifndef SH_SPARSE_SET_CONTAINER_H
+#define SH_SPARSE_SET_CONTAINER_H
+
+#include "SHSparseSet.h"
+#include "SHFamily.h"
+#include "../Components/SHComponent.h"
+#include <cassert>
+
+namespace SHADE
+{
+	template<typename Base>
+	class SHSparseSetContainer
+	{
+	private:
+		
+
+		
+	public:
+
+		//The container of SparseSets.
+		std::vector<SHSparseBase*> container;
+		
+		/*!*************************************************************************
+		 * \brief 
+		 * Default constructor for the SHSparseSetContainer class
+		***************************************************************************/
+		SHSparseSetContainer() = default;
+
+		/*!*************************************************************************
+		 * \brief 
+		 * Default destructor for the SHSparseSetContainer class.
+		***************************************************************************/
+		~SHSparseSetContainer()
+		{
+			for (std::vector<SHSparseBase*>::iterator it = container.begin(); it != container.end(); ++it)
+			{
+				delete (*it);
+			}
+		};
+
+		/*!*************************************************************************
+		 * \brief 
+		 * Attempts to create a SparseSet for the specified derived class.
+		 * If a SparseSet of the same class type has already been created, 
+		 * nothing is re-created.
+		 * @tparam Derived 
+		 * The type of the SparseSet to create. 
+		***************************************************************************/
+		template<typename Derived>
+		ENABLE_IF_DERIVED(void, Base, Derived) CreateSparseSet() noexcept
+		{
+			EntityID typeID = SHFamilyID<Base>::template GetID<Derived>();
+
+			if (container.size() > typeID)
+			{
+				if (container[typeID] == nullptr)
+				{
+					container[typeID] = (SHSparseBase*)new SHSparseSet<Derived, MAX_EID>();
+				}
+				return;
+			}
+			while (container.size() <= typeID)
+			{
+				container.push_back(nullptr);
+			}
+			container[typeID] = (SHSparseBase*)new SHSparseSet<Derived,MAX_EID>();
+		}
+
+		//Cant use ENABLE_IF_DERIVED here because the macro is defined before template is defined.
+		//Hence the return type that is a templated class will be an issue.
+
+
+		/**************************************************************************
+		 * \brief 
+		 * Get the sparse set specified by a type. This converts the type to 
+		 * a type ID using SHFamilyID and use that as the index.
+		 * This will attempt to Create a sparse set if it doesn't exist.
+		 * \return 
+		 * The base class pointer to the sparse set.
+		***************************************************************************/
+		template<typename Derived>
+		std::enable_if_t< std::is_base_of_v<Base,Derived>,SHSparseSet<Derived,MAX_EID>* > GetSparseSet() noexcept
+		{
+			EntityID typeID = SHFamilyID<Base>::template GetID<Derived>();
+			if (container.size() <= typeID || container[typeID] == nullptr)
+			{
+				CreateSparseSet<Derived>();
+			}
+	
+			return (SHSparseSet<Derived, MAX_EID>*)container[typeID];
+
+		}
+
+
+		/**************************************************************************
+		 * \brief 
+		 * Get the sparse set at the specified index.
+		 * \param typeID
+		 * The index of the sparse set to get.
+		 * \return 
+		 * The base class pointer to the sparse set.
+		***************************************************************************/
+		SHSparseBase* GetSparseSet_ID(uint32_t typeID) noexcept
+		{
+			//assert(typeID >= container.size());
+
+			return container[typeID];
+		}
+
+
+		/*!*************************************************************************
+		 * \brief 
+		 * Get the number of elements in the specified SparseSet
+		 * @tparam Derived 
+		 * The type of the SparseSet
+		***************************************************************************/
+		template<typename Derived>
+		inline ENABLE_IF_DERIVED(EntityID, Base, Derived)Count() noexcept
+		{
+			return GetSparseSet<Derived>()->Count();
+		}
+		
+		/*!*************************************************************************
+		 * \brief 
+		 * Get the dense array of the specified SparseSet
+		 * @tparam Derived 
+		 * The type of the SparseSet
+		 * \return
+		 * Returns a reference to the dense array of the specified SparseSet
+		***************************************************************************/
+		template<typename Derived>
+		inline std::enable_if_t < std::is_base_of_v<Base, Derived>, std::vector<Derived>& > GetDense() noexcept
+		{
+			return GetSparseSet<Derived>()->GetDense();
+		}
+
+		/*!*************************************************************************
+		 * \brief 
+		 * Remove all elements with the specified hash from all the SparseSets in
+		 * the container.
+		 * \param	hash
+		 *  The hash of the elements to remove.
+		***************************************************************************/
+		void RemoveElements(EntityIndex hash) noexcept
+		{
+ 			for (std::vector<SHSparseBase*>::iterator it = container.begin(); it != container.end(); ++it)
+			{
+
+				if (*it)
+				{ 
+ 					(*it)->Remove(hash);
+				}
+				
+			}
+		}
+
+		/*!*************************************************************************
+		 * \brief 
+		 * Clear all SparseSets in the container.
+		***************************************************************************/
+		void ClearAllElements() noexcept
+		{
+			for (std::vector<SHSparseBase*>::iterator it = container.begin(); it != container.end(); ++it)
+			{
+				(*it)->Clear();
+			}
+		}
+
+		/*!*************************************************************************
+		 * \brief 
+		 * Sets the isActive variable in the elements with the specified hash
+		 * in all the SparseSets in the container.
+		 * This assuumes that the element types has a isActive boolean.
+		 * \param	hash
+		 * hash of the elements
+		 * \param	active
+		 * The active state to set to.
+		***************************************************************************/
+		void SetElementActive(EntityIndex hash, bool active) noexcept
+		{
+			(void)active;
+			for (std::vector<SHSparseBase*>::iterator it = container.begin(); it != container.end(); ++it)
+			{
+
+				if (*it)
+				{
+					SHComponent* comp = static_cast<SHComponent*>((*it)->Get(hash));
+					if (comp)
+					{
+						comp->isActive = active;
+					}
+					
+				}
+
+			}
+		}
+
+
+
+		/**************************************************************************
+		 * \brief
+		 * Get the element of a specified hash from the Sparse set of indicated index.
+		 * \param typeIndex
+		 * The index of the sparse set which we are trying to get from
+		 * \param hash
+		 * The hash that the element belongs to.
+		 * \return
+		 * The address of the element casted to a void*
+		***************************************************************************/
+		void* GetElement(uint32_t typeIndex, EntityIndex hash) noexcept
+		{
+			if (typeIndex >= container.size())
+			{
+				return nullptr;
+			}
+			return container[typeIndex]->Get(hash);
+		}
+
+		/**************************************************************************
+		 * \brief
+		 * Get the size of the SparseSetContainer.
+		 * \return
+		 * The number of sparse sets in this container.
+		***************************************************************************/
+
+		size_t Size() noexcept
+		{
+			return container.size();
+		}
+
+
+	};
+}
+
+
+#endif

SHADE_Engine/src/Engine/ECS_Base/SHECSMacros.h

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+#ifndef SH_MACROS_H
+#define SH_MACROS_H
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <type_traits>
+
+
+
+typedef uint32_t EntityID;
+typedef uint16_t EntityIndex;
+typedef uint32_t ComponentTypeID;
+
+
+const EntityIndex MAX_EID = 51000;
+
+
+
+#define ENABLE_IF_DERIVED(__RETURN__, __BASE__, __DERIVED__)\
+	std::enable_if_t<std::is_base_of_v<__BASE__,__DERIVED__>,__RETURN__>
+
+
+#define ENABLE_IF_UINT(_TYPE, _RETURN)\
+	typename std::enable_if<(std::is_integral<_TYPE>::value && !std::is_signed<_TYPE>::value),_RETURN>::type
+
+#endif

SHADE_Engine/src/Engine/ECS_Base/System/SHComponentManager.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+/*********************************************************************
+ * \file   SHComponentManager.cpp
+ * \author Daniel Chua Yee Chen
+ * \brief  Definition of functions for the SHComponentManager class.
+ * This is the interface that the systems are going to use to interacte with
+ * the components. The SparseSetContainer of components is stored and managed
+ * here.
+ *
+ * \copyright Copyright (c) 2021 DigiPen Institute of Technology. Reproduction
+	 or disclosure of this file or its contents without the prior written
+	 consent of DigiPen Institute of Technology is prohibited.
+ *********************************************************************/
+//#include "SHpch.h"
+#include "SHComponentManager.h"
+#include "SHEntityManager.h"
+#include "SHSystemManager.h"
+
+namespace SHADE
+{
+
+	SHSparseSetContainer<SHComponent> SHComponentManager::componentSet;
+	std::vector<SHComponentGroup> SHComponentManager::componentGroups;
+
+	void SHComponentManager::Exit() noexcept
+	{
+	}
+
+	void SHComponentManager::RemoveComponentsOfEntity(EntityID entityID) noexcept
+	{
+
+		if (!SHEntityManager::IsValidEID(entityID))
+		{
+			return;
+		}
+
+		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < componentSet.Size(); ++i)
+		{
+			SHComponent* comp = (SHComponent*) componentSet.GetElement(i,  EntityHandleGenerator::GetIndex(entityID));
+			if (comp)
+			{
+				comp->OnDestroy();
+			}
+		}
+
+
+
+		for (auto & grp : componentGroups)
+		{
+			grp.RemoveEntity(entityID);
+		}
+
+		componentSet.RemoveElements(EntityHandleGenerator::GetIndex(entityID));
+
+		//entityHandle.RemoveHandle(entityID);
+
+	}
+
+
+	bool SHComponentManager::HasComponent_ID(EntityID entityID, uint32_t componentTypeID) noexcept
+	{
+		return componentSet.GetSparseSet_ID(componentTypeID)->Has(EntityHandleGenerator::GetIndex(entityID));
+	}
+
+
+	void SHComponentManager::SetActive(EntityID entityID, bool active) noexcept
+	{
+		componentSet.SetElementActive(EntityHandleGenerator::GetIndex(entityID), active);
+	}
+
+	void SHComponentManager::SwapInDenseByIndexHash_ID(EntityIndex index, EntityID hash, uint32_t componentTypeID) noexcept
+	{
+		componentSet.GetSparseSet_ID(componentTypeID)->SwapIndexHash(index, EntityHandleGenerator::GetIndex(hash));
+	}
+
+	void SHComponentManager::ChangeParent(EntityID entity, EntityID newParent)
+	{
+		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < (uint32_t)componentSet.Size(); ++i)
+		{
+			SHComponent* component = (SHComponent*)componentSet.GetElement(i, EntityHandleGenerator::GetIndex(entity));
+			if (component == nullptr)
+			{
+				continue;
+			}
+			component->ChangeParent(newParent);
+
+		}
+	}
+
+	void SHComponentManager::ChangeParent(EntityID entity)
+	{
+		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < (uint32_t)componentSet.Size(); ++i)
+		{
+			SHComponent* component = (SHComponent*)componentSet.GetElement(i, EntityHandleGenerator::GetIndex(entity));
+			if (component == nullptr)
+			{
+				continue;
+			}
+			component->ChangeParent();
+		}
+	}
+
+}

SHADE_Engine/src/Engine/ECS_Base/System/SHComponentManager.h

@@ -0,0 +1,477 @@
+/*********************************************************************
+ * \file   SHComponentManager.h
+ * \author Daniel Chua Yee Chen
+ * \brief  Declaration for the SHComponentManager class.
+ * This is the interface that the systems are going to use to interacte with
+ * the components. 
+ * The SparseSetContainer of components is stored and managed
+ * here.
+ *
+ * \copyright Copyright (c) 2021 DigiPen Institute of Technology. Reproduction
+	 or disclosure of this file or its contents without the prior written
+	 consent of DigiPen Institute of Technology is prohibited.
+ *********************************************************************/
+
+#ifndef SH_ENGINE_H
+#define SH_ENGINE_H
+
+#include "../General/SHSparseSetContainer.h"
+#include "../Components/SHComponent.h"
+#include "../Components/SHComponentGroup.h"
+//#include "Scene/SHSceneNode.h"
+
+
+#include <cassert>
+
+namespace SHADE
+{
+	class SHComponentManager
+	{
+	private:
+
+		//The SparseSetContainer of components.
+		static SHSparseSetContainer<SHComponent> componentSet;
+		//The Container of all Componentgroups
+		static std::vector<SHComponentGroup> componentGroups;
+
+		friend class SHSceneNode;
+
+
+
+		/**************************************************************************
+		 * \brief 
+		 * This is called by the SHSceneNode friend class to change the parent 
+		 * of an entity.
+		 * This function is privated as it is not for general use. 
+		 * \param entity
+		 * The entityID of the entity which to change the parent of.
+		 * \param newParent
+		 * The entityID of the new parent.
+		***************************************************************************/
+		static void ChangeParent(EntityID entity, EntityID newParent);
+
+
+		/**************************************************************************
+		 * \brief 
+		 * Overloaded function of Change parent to change the parent of an entity to
+		 * the root node.
+		 * This is called by the SHSceneNode friend class to change the parent 
+		 * of an entity.
+		 * This function is privated as it is not for general use. 
+		 * \param entity
+		 * The entityID of the entity which to change the parent of.
+		***************************************************************************/
+		static void ChangeParent(EntityID entity);
+
+
+	protected:
+		
+	public:
+	/*!*************************************************************************
+	 * This class is used as a static class.
+	 * No objects of this type should be created
+	***************************************************************************/
+		SHComponentManager() = delete;
+		~SHComponentManager() = delete;
+
+
+
+		/*!*************************************************************************
+		 * \brief 
+		 * Cleans up the memory used in the Engine.
+		***************************************************************************/
+		static void Exit() noexcept;
+
+
+
+		/*!*************************************************************************
+		 * \brief 
+		 * Creates the SparseSet for the specified Component type
+		 * @tparam T 
+		 * Component Type to create.
+		***************************************************************************/
+		template<typename T>
+		static void CreateComponentSparseSet() noexcept
+		{
+			componentSet.CreateSparseSet<T>();
+		}
+
+		/*!*************************************************************************
+		 * \brief 
+		 * Getter for the dense array of a specified Component Type.
+		 * @tparam T 
+		 * Component Type
+		 * \return std::vector<T>& 
+		 * reference to the dense array from the SparseSet of the Component Type T.
+		***************************************************************************/
+		template<typename T>
+		static std::vector<T>& GetDense() noexcept
+		{
+			return componentSet.GetDense<T>();
+		}
+
+
+		/*!*************************************************************************
+		 * \brief 
+		 * Gets the Component of the entity with the specified entityID
+		 * 
+		 * This is the safe version of GetComponent_s which does a HasComponent to make
+		 * sure that the entity has such a component and returns nullptr if it doesn't
+		 * 
+		 * This safe version also checks if the sparse set of this component type
+		 * has been created in SHComponentManager and creates one if it doesn't
+		 * 
+		 * @tparam T 
+		 * Type of Component to get.
+		 * \param	entityID
+		 * EntityID of the entity that we are trying to get the component of.
+		 * \return 
+		 * A pointer to the component of the entity.
+		 * Returns nullptr if the entity does not contain such a component.
+		***************************************************************************/
+		template<typename T>
+		static ENABLE_IF_DERIVED(T*, SHComponent, T) GetComponent_s(EntityID entityID) noexcept
+		{
+			EntityID typeID = SHFamilyID<SHComponent>::template GetID<T>();
+
+			if (componentSet.container.size() <= typeID)
+			{
+				componentSet.CreateSparseSet<T>();
+				return nullptr;
+			}
+
+
+			return (componentSet.GetSparseSet<T>()->GetElement_s(EntityHandleGenerator::GetIndex(entityID)));
+		}
+
+		/*!*************************************************************************
+		 * \brief
+		 * Gets the Component of the entity with the specified entityID
+		 *
+		 * This is the faster unsafe version. 
+		 * Use only when sure that the entity has such a Component type. This could
+		 * give garbage value or the component of a different entity if the entity 
+		 * does not have the specified component type. This is usually used with
+		 * ComponentGroups
+		 * 
+		 * This unsafe version bypass the HasComponent check.
+		 * 
+		 * This unsafe version bypass the check for sparseSet creation.
+		 *
+		 * @tparam T
+		 * Type of Component to get.
+		 * \param	entityID
+		 * EntityID of the entity that we are trying to get the component of.
+		 * \return
+		 * A pointer to the component of the entity.
+		***************************************************************************/
+		template<typename T>
+		static ENABLE_IF_DERIVED(T*,SHComponent, T) GetComponent(EntityID entityID) noexcept
+		{
+			//EntityID typeID = SHFamilyID<SHComponent>::template GetID<T>();
+
+			return (componentSet.GetSparseSet<T>()->GetElement(EntityHandleGenerator::GetIndex(entityID)));
+		}
+
+
+
+		/*!*************************************************************************
+		 * \brief 
+		 * Add a component to the specified entityID
+		 * Nothing is added if the entityID already have a component of the same type.
+		 * @tparam T 
+		 * Type of Component to be added.
+		 * @tparam Args 
+		 * The args types to pass to the constructor of the Component
+		 * \param	entityID
+		 * EntityID to add this component to.
+		 * \param	args
+		 *  The args to pass to the constructor of the Component
+		 * \return
+		 * None.
+		***************************************************************************/
+		template<typename T >
+		static ENABLE_IF_DERIVED(void,SHComponent,T) AddComponent(EntityID entityID) noexcept
+		{
+			T element{};
+			
+			componentSet.GetSparseSet_ID(SHFamilyID<SHComponent>::GetID<T>())->Add(EntityHandleGenerator::GetIndex(entityID));
+
+
+			SHComponent* comp = (SHComponent*)componentSet.GetElement(SHFamilyID<SHComponent>::GetID<T>(), EntityHandleGenerator::GetIndex(entityID));
+			comp->entityID = entityID;
+
+			for (auto& grp : componentGroups)
+			{
+				grp.AddComponentCheck(entityID, SHFamilyID<SHComponent>::GetID<T>());
+			}
+
+			
+			if (comp)
+			{
+				comp->OnCreate();
+			}
+
+		}
+
+		/**************************************************************************
+		 * \brief 
+		 * Add Component using a component type ID. This assumes that the sparse
+		 * set is already created for the component type ID.
+		 * \param entityID
+		 * The entity ID of the entity
+		 * \param componentTypeID
+		 * The Type ID of the Component Type.
+		 * \return 
+		 * none
+		***************************************************************************/
+		static void AddComponent(EntityID entityID, uint32_t componentTypeID) noexcept
+		{
+			componentSet.GetSparseSet_ID(componentTypeID)->Add(EntityHandleGenerator::GetIndex(entityID));
+
+
+			SHComponent* comp = (SHComponent*)componentSet.GetElement(componentTypeID, EntityHandleGenerator::GetIndex(entityID));
+			comp->entityID = entityID;
+
+			for (auto& grp : componentGroups)
+			{
+				grp.AddComponentCheck(entityID,componentTypeID);
+			}
+
+
+			if (comp)
+			{
+				comp->OnCreate();
+			}
+		}
+
+
+		/*!*************************************************************************
+		 * \brief 
+		 * Checks if the specified entityID has a component of specified type.
+		 * @tparam T 
+		 * Type of Component to check for.
+		 * \param	entityID
+		 * EntityID to check for.
+		 * \return bool 
+		 * True if the entity has a component of specified type.
+		***************************************************************************/
+		template<typename T>
+		static ENABLE_IF_DERIVED(bool, SHComponent, T) HasComponent(EntityID entityID) noexcept
+		{
+			return componentSet.GetSparseSet<T>()->Has(EntityHandleGenerator::GetIndex(entityID));
+		}
+
+
+
+		/*!*************************************************************************
+		 * \brief
+		 * Checks if the specified entityID has a component of specified type.
+		 * The component type is specified by a component type ID
+		 * @tparam T
+		 * Type of Component to check for.
+		 * \param	entityID
+		 * EntityID to check for.
+		 * \param	componentTypeID
+		 * The component type ID to look for
+		 * \return bool
+		 * True if the entity has a component of specified type.
+		***************************************************************************/
+		static bool HasComponent_ID(EntityID entityID, uint32_t componentTypeID) noexcept;
+
+
+		/*!*************************************************************************
+		 * \brief 
+		 * Remove the Component of specified type from the entity.
+		 * @tparam T 
+		 * Component type to be removed
+		 * \param	entityID
+		 * EntityID of the object to remove the component from.
+		***************************************************************************/
+		template<typename T>
+		static ENABLE_IF_DERIVED(void, SHComponent, T) RemoveComponent(EntityID entityID) noexcept
+		{
+			if (!HasComponent<T>(entityID))
+			{
+				return;
+			}
+
+			SHComponent* comp = (SHComponent*)componentSet.GetElement(SHFamilyID<SHComponent>::GetID<T>(), EntityHandleGenerator::GetIndex(entityID));
+			if (comp)
+			{
+				comp->OnDestroy();
+			}
+
+			for (auto& grp : componentGroups)
+			{
+				grp.RemoveComponentCheck<T>(entityID);
+			}
+
+			
+			componentSet.GetSparseSet<T>()->Remove(EntityHandleGenerator::GetIndex(entityID));
+		}
+
+		/*!*************************************************************************
+		 * \brief 
+		 * Swaps to positioning of two components in their dense array.
+		 * This does not swap the entity that the components belong to
+		 * @tparam T 
+		 * Type of the Component to swap.
+		 * \param	entityID1
+		 * entityID of the first entity.
+		 * \param	entityID2
+		 * entityID of the second entity.
+		 * \return 
+		 * None.
+		***************************************************************************/
+		template<typename T>
+		static ENABLE_IF_DERIVED(void, SHComponent, T) SwapInDense(EntityID entityID1, EntityID entityID2) noexcept
+		{
+			componentSet.GetSparseSet<T>()->Swap(EntityHandleGenerator::GetIndex(entityID1), EntityHandleGenerator::GetIndex(entityID2));
+		}
+
+		/**************************************************************************
+		 * \brief 
+		 * Swaps to positioning of two components in their dense array.
+		 * This does not swap the entity that the components belong to.
+		 * This is the overloaded function that takes 2 Entity Index
+		 * \param index
+		 * The entity Index of the first entity.
+		 * \param hash
+		 * The entity Index of the second entity.
+		 * \return 
+		 * none
+		***************************************************************************/
+		template<typename T>
+		static ENABLE_IF_DERIVED(void, SHComponent, T) SwapInDenseByIndex(EntityIndex index, EntityIndex hash) noexcept
+		{
+			componentSet.GetSparseSet<T>()->SwapIndexHash(index, EntityHandleGenerator::GetIndex(hash));
+		}
+
+		/**************************************************************************
+		 * \brief 
+		 * Swaps to positioning of two components in their dense array.
+		 * This does not swap the entity that the components belong to.
+		 * This swap using a component type ID
+		 * \param index
+		 * The entity Index of the first entity
+		 * \param hash
+		 * The entity ID of the second entity
+		 * \param componentTypeID
+		 * The Type ID of the component type ID
+		 * \return 
+		 * 
+		***************************************************************************/
+		static void SwapInDenseByIndexHash_ID(EntityIndex index, EntityID hash, uint32_t componentTypeID) noexcept;
+
+
+
+		/*!*************************************************************************
+		 * \brief 
+		 * Removes and destroy all components tied to an entity.
+		 * entityID
+		 * \param	entityID
+		 * entityID of the entity to be removed.
+		***************************************************************************/
+		static void RemoveComponentsOfEntity(EntityID entityID) noexcept;
+
+
+
+		/**************************************************************************
+		 * \brief 
+		 * Get the number of components in a component sparse set.
+		 * \param componentTypeID
+		 * The type ID of the Component Type.
+		 * \return 
+		 * The number of components in the component sparse set.
+		***************************************************************************/
+		static EntityIndex ComponentCount_ID(uint32_t componentTypeID)
+		{
+			return componentSet.GetSparseSet_ID(componentTypeID)->Count();
+		}
+
+
+		/*!*************************************************************************
+		 * \brief 
+		 * Set the isActive boolean of all Components that the entity has
+		 * \param	entityID
+		 * The entityID of the entity
+		 * \param	active
+		 * The active state to set to
+		***************************************************************************/
+		static void SetActive(EntityID entityID, bool active) noexcept;
+
+		template<typename... T>
+		static std::enable_if_t<(... && std::is_base_of_v<SHComponent, T>), uint32_t> CreateComponentGroup(uint32_t numOwningComponents)
+		{
+			std::vector<uint32_t> templateIDs{ (SHFamilyID<SHComponent>::GetID<T>())... };
+
+			for (auto& g : componentGroups)
+			{
+				for (auto const& oID : g.ownedComponentTypes)
+				{
+					for (uint32_t i = 0; i < numOwningComponents; ++i)
+					{
+						if ((templateIDs[i] == oID))
+						{
+							assert("This Component is owned by another group");
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+
+			SHComponentGroup grp;
+			for (uint32_t i = 0; i < numOwningComponents; ++i)
+			{
+				grp.ownedComponentTypes.push_back(templateIDs[i]);
+			}
+			for (uint32_t i = 0; i < templateIDs.size(); ++i)
+			{
+				grp.componentTypeIDs.push_back(templateIDs[i]);
+			}
+			
+			if (grp.ownedComponentTypes.size() != grp.componentTypeIDs.size())
+			{
+				if (grp.ownedComponentTypes.empty())
+				{
+					grp.ownershipType = OWNERSHIP_TYPE::NON_OWNERSHIP;
+				}
+				else
+				{
+					grp.ownershipType = OWNERSHIP_TYPE::PARTIAL_OWNERSHIP;
+				}
+			}
+
+			componentGroups.push_back(grp);
+			return (uint32_t)componentGroups.size() - 1;
+
+		}
+
+		/**************************************************************************
+		 * \brief 
+		 * Get a reference to the component group.
+		 * \param index
+		 * The index of the component group
+		 * \return 
+		 * A reference to the component group.
+		***************************************************************************/
+		static SHComponentGroup& GetComponentGroup(uint16_t index) noexcept
+		{
+			return componentGroups[index];
+		}
+
+		static void AddScriptComponent(EntityID eid, std::string const& scriptClassName) noexcept;
+
+		static void RemoveScriptComponent(EntityID eid, std::string const& scriptClassName) noexcept;
+
+
+	};// end SHComponentManager
+
+
+
+
+
+}
+
+
+#endif

SHADE_Engine/src/Engine/ECS_Base/System/SHEntityManager.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,232 @@
+/*********************************************************************
+ * \file   SHEntityManager.cpp
+ * \author Daniel Chua Yee Chen
+ * \brief  Implementation for the SHEntityManager class.
+ * Entity Manager is the interface class where users of the engine
+ * and its systems interact with entity data in the engine. This
+ * includes Creation and Destruction of entities and getting Entity by
+ * an ID. This manager also ensures that each entity have a unique
+ * handle using SHHandleGenerator.
+ *
+ * \copyright Copyright (c) 2021 DigiPen Institute of Technology. Reproduction
+	 or disclosure of this file or its contents without the prior written
+	 consent of DigiPen Institute of Technology is prohibited.
+ *********************************************************************/
+//#include "SHpch.h"
+#include "SHEntityManager.h"
+//#include "Scene/SHSceneGraph.h"
+//#include "Serialization/SHSerialization.h"
+
+namespace SHADE
+{
+	std::vector<std::unique_ptr<SHEntity>> SHEntityManager::entityVec;
+	EntityHandleGenerator SHEntityManager::entityHandle;
+
+	SHEntity* SHEntityManager::GetEntityByID(EntityID entityID) noexcept
+	{
+		if (!IsValidEID(entityID))
+		{
+			return nullptr;
+		}
+
+		EntityIndex eIndex = entityHandle.GetIndex(entityID);
+		return entityVec[eIndex].get();
+
+	}
+
+	bool SHEntityManager::IsValidEID(EntityID entityID) noexcept
+	{
+		if (!entityHandle.IsValid(entityID))
+			return false;
+
+		EntityIndex eIndex = entityHandle.GetIndex(entityID);
+		if (entityVec.size() <= eIndex || !entityVec[eIndex])
+			return false;
+
+		return true;
+
+	}
+
+	EntityIndex SHEntityManager::GetEntityIndex(EntityID entityID) noexcept
+	{
+		return entityHandle.GetIndex(entityID);
+	}
+	
+	EntityID SHEntityManager::CreateEntity(std::vector<uint32_t>const& componentTypeIDs, std::string const& name,EntityID parentEID)
+	{
+		EntityID eID = entityHandle.GetNewHandle();
+		EntityIndex eIndex = entityHandle.GetIndex(eID);
+		if (eIndex > entityVec.size())
+		{
+			assert("FATAL ERROR: EntityIndex out of range in Entity Creation");
+		}
+		else if (eIndex == entityVec.size())
+		{
+			entityVec.emplace_back(std::make_unique<SHEntity>());
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			if (!entityVec[eIndex])
+			{
+				//There is still an entity stored there.Something went wrong
+				assert("FATAL ERROR: Entity Creation error. Entity Index Conflict");
+			}
+
+			//Reset it to a newly constructed entity
+			entityVec[eIndex].reset(new SHEntity());
+		}
+
+
+		entityVec[eIndex]->entityID = eID;
+		entityVec[eIndex]->name = name;
+		for (auto& id : componentTypeIDs)
+		{
+			SHComponentManager::AddComponent(eID, id);
+		}
+
+		//(SHComponentManager::AddComponent<ComponentTypes>(eID), ...);
+		/*if (entityHandle.IsValid(parentEID) == false)
+		{
+			entityVec[eIndex]->sceneNode.ConnectToRoot();
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			entityVec[eIndex]->SetParent(parentEID);
+		}*/
+
+
+		//TODO Link to Scene graph.
+
+		return eID;
+
+	}
+
+	EntityID SHEntityManager::CreateEntity(std::vector<uint32_t>const& componentTypeIDs, EntityID desiredEID, std::string const& name, EntityID parentEID)
+	{
+		EntityID eID ;
+
+		if (entityHandle.ClaimHandle(desiredEID) == true)
+			eID = desiredEID;
+		else
+			eID = entityHandle.GetNewHandle();
+
+		
+		EntityIndex eIndex = entityHandle.GetIndex(eID);
+		if (eIndex > entityVec.size())
+		{
+			EntityIndex size = (EntityIndex)entityVec.size();
+			for (EntityIndex i = 0; i <= eIndex - size; ++i)
+			{
+				entityVec.push_back(nullptr);
+
+			}
+			entityVec[eIndex].reset(new SHEntity());
+		}
+		else if (eIndex == entityVec.size())
+		{
+			entityVec.emplace_back(std::make_unique<SHEntity>());
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			if (!entityVec[eIndex])
+			{
+				//There is still an entity stored there.Something went wrong
+				assert("FATAL ERROR: Entity Creation error. Entity Index Conflict");
+			}
+
+			//Reset it to a newly constructed entity
+			entityVec[eIndex].reset(new SHEntity());
+		}
+
+
+		entityVec[eIndex]->entityID = eID;
+		entityVec[eIndex]->name = name;
+		for (auto& id : componentTypeIDs)
+		{
+			SHComponentManager::AddComponent(eID, id);
+		}
+
+		//(SHComponentManager::AddComponent<ComponentTypes>(eID), ...);
+
+		//if (entityHandle.IsValid(parentEID) == false)
+		//{
+		//	entityVec[eIndex]->sceneNode.ConnectToRoot();
+		//}
+		//else
+		//{
+		//	entityVec[eIndex]->SetParent(parentEID);
+		//}
+
+		//TODO Link to scene graph.
+
+
+		return eID;
+
+	}
+
+
+	void SHEntityManager::DestroyEntity(EntityID eID) noexcept
+	{
+		if (!IsValidEID(eID))
+		{
+			//Entity does not exist or already destroyed.
+			return;
+		}
+		EntityIndex eIndex = entityHandle.GetIndex(eID);
+
+		//Call all the children to Destroy themselves first before the parent is destroyed.
+		if (entityVec[eIndex])
+		{
+			//auto& children = entityVec[eIndex]->GetChildrenID();
+			//while(!children.empty())
+			//{
+			//	DestroyEntity(children[0]);
+			//}
+
+			//SHSceneNode* parentNode = entityVec[eIndex]->GetSceneNode()->GetParent();
+
+			//SHSceneGraph::RemoveChild(parentNode,entityVec[eIndex].get());
+
+			//TODO remove from parent and recursively delete child.
+
+
+
+			SHComponentManager::RemoveComponentsOfEntity(eID);
+
+			entityHandle.RemoveHandle(eID);
+
+			entityVec[eIndex].reset(nullptr);
+		}
+
+	}
+
+	void SHEntityManager::DestroyAllEntity() noexcept
+	{
+		for (auto& entity : entityVec)
+		{
+
+			if (entity)
+			{
+				DestroyEntity(entity->GetEID());
+			}
+		}
+		entityHandle.ClearAllHandles();
+	}
+
+	EntityIndex SHEntityManager::GetEntityCount() noexcept
+	{
+		return entityHandle.GetActiveHandleCount();
+	}
+
+
+	/*EntityID SHEntityManager::DuplicateEntity(EntityID eid) noexcept
+	{
+		if (entityHandle.IsValid(eid) == false)
+			return MAX_EID;
+
+		std::string data = SHSerialization::SerializeEntityToString(eid);
+		return SHSerialization::DeserializeEntityToSceneFromString(data);
+	}*/
+
+
+}

SHADE_Engine/src/Engine/ECS_Base/System/SHEntityManager.h

@@ -0,0 +1,253 @@
+/*********************************************************************
+ * \file   SHEntityManger.h
+ * \author Daniel Chua Yee Chen
+ * \brief  Definition for the SHEntityManager class.
+ * Entity Manager is the interface class where users of the engine 
+ * and its systems interact with entity data in the engine. This 
+ * includes Creation and Destruction of entities and getting Entity by 
+ * an ID. This manager also ensures that each entity have a unique 
+ * handle using SHHandleGenerator. 
+ *
+ * \copyright Copyright (c) 2021 DigiPen Institute of Technology. Reproduction
+	 or disclosure of this file or its contents without the prior written
+	 consent of DigiPen Institute of Technology is prohibited.
+ *********************************************************************/
+
+#ifndef SH_ENTITY_MANAGER_H
+#define SH_ENTITY_MANAGER_H
+
+#include <vector>
+#include <memory>
+#include "../Entity/SHEntity.h"
+#include "../Components/SHComponent.h"
+#include "../General/SHHandleGenerator.h"
+#include "../SHECSMacros.h"
+
+namespace SHADE
+{
+
+	class SHEntityManager
+	{
+	private:
+		static std::vector<std::unique_ptr<SHEntity>> entityVec;
+		//The handle generator to generate entityIDs.
+		static EntityHandleGenerator entityHandle;
+
+	public:
+		SHEntityManager() = delete;
+		~SHEntityManager() = delete;
+
+		/**************************************************************************
+		 * \brief 
+		 * Get a pointer to the entity using the entityID.
+		 * \param entityID
+		 * The entity ID of the entity
+		 * \return 
+		 * A pointer to the entity.
+		 * A nullptr is returned if there is no such entity or if it is destroyed.
+		***************************************************************************/
+		static SHEntity* GetEntityByID(EntityID entityID) noexcept;
+
+		/**************************************************************************
+		 * \brief 
+		 * Checks if the current Entity ID is in use and alive.
+		 * \param entityID
+		 * The entity ID of the entity
+		 * \return 
+		 * true if the entity ID is in use and alive.
+		***************************************************************************/
+		static bool IsValidEID(EntityID entityID) noexcept;
+
+		/**************************************************************************
+		 * \brief 
+		 * Get the index portion of the Entity ID.
+		 * \param entityID
+		 * The entity ID of the entity
+		 * \return 
+		 * The index of the entity
+		***************************************************************************/
+		static EntityIndex GetEntityIndex(EntityID entityID) noexcept;
+
+		/**************************************************************************
+		 * \brief 
+		 * Template function to Create a new Entity with Components specified
+		 * by the template arguements.
+		 * \param name
+		 * Name of the entity (This is not unique)
+		 * \param parentEID
+		 * The entity ID of the parent. This does not call UpdateHierarchy hence 
+		 * the parent of the entity is not updated until UpdateHierarchy is called.
+		 * \return 
+		 * EntityID of the new Entity
+		***************************************************************************/
+		template<typename ...ComponentTypes>
+		static std::enable_if_t<(... && std::is_base_of_v<SHComponent, ComponentTypes>), EntityID> CreateEntity(std::string const& name = "Default", EntityID parentEID = MAX_EID)
+		{
+			EntityID eID = entityHandle.GetNewHandle();
+			EntityIndex eIndex = entityHandle.GetIndex(eID);
+			if (eIndex > entityVec.size())
+			{
+				assert("FATAL ERROR: EntityIndex out of range in Entity Creation");
+			}
+			else if (eIndex == entityVec.size())
+			{
+				entityVec.emplace_back(std::make_unique<SHEntity>());
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				if (!entityVec[eIndex]) 
+				{
+					//There is still an entity stored there.Something went wrong
+					assert("FATAL ERROR: Entity Creation error. Entity Index Conflict");
+				}
+
+				//Reset it to a newly constructed entity
+				entityVec[eIndex].reset(new SHEntity());
+			}
+			entityVec[eIndex]->entityID = eID;
+			entityVec[eIndex]->name = name;
+			(SHComponentManager::AddComponent<ComponentTypes>(eID),...);
+
+			/*if (entityHandle.IsValid(parentEID) == false)
+			{
+				entityVec[eIndex]->sceneNode.ConnectToRoot();
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				entityVec[eIndex]->SetParent(parentEID);
+			}*/
+
+			//TODO Link up with Scene graph
+
+			return eID;
+		}
+
+		template<typename ...ComponentTypes>
+		static std::enable_if_t<(... && std::is_base_of_v<SHComponent, ComponentTypes>), EntityID> CreateEntity(EntityID desiredEID, std::string const& name = "Default", EntityID parentEID = MAX_EID)
+		{
+			EntityID eID;
+			if (entityHandle.ClaimHandle(desiredEID) == true)
+				eID = desiredEID;
+			else
+				eID = entityHandle.GetNewHandle();
+			EntityIndex eIndex = entityHandle.GetIndex(eID);
+			if (eIndex > entityVec.size())
+			{
+				EntityIndex size = (EntityIndex)entityVec.size();
+				for (EntityIndex i = 0; i <= eIndex - size; ++i)
+				{
+					entityVec.push_back(nullptr);
+
+				}
+				entityVec[eIndex].reset(new SHEntity());
+			}
+			else if (eIndex == entityVec.size())
+			{
+				entityVec.emplace_back(std::make_unique<SHEntity>());
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				if (!entityVec[eIndex])
+				{
+					//There is still an entity stored there.Something went wrong
+					assert("FATAL ERROR: Entity Creation error. Entity Index Conflict");
+				}
+
+				//Reset it to a newly constructed entity
+				entityVec[eIndex].reset(new SHEntity());
+			}
+			entityVec[eIndex]->entityID = eID;
+			entityVec[eIndex]->name = name;
+			(SHComponentManager::AddComponent<ComponentTypes>(eID), ...);
+
+			/*if (entityHandle.IsValid(parentEID) == false)
+			{
+				entityVec[eIndex]->sceneNode.ConnectToRoot();
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				entityVec[eIndex]->SetParent(parentEID);
+			}*/
+
+
+			//Link up with scene graph.
+
+
+			return eID;
+		}
+
+
+
+
+		/**************************************************************************
+		 * \brief 
+		 * Create Entity using a vector of ComponentTypeIDs.
+		 * \param componentTypeIDs
+		 * Vector of ComponentTypeIDs. This assumes that CreateSparseSet is called
+		 * for these ComponentTypes.
+		 * \param name
+		 * Name of the Entity (this is not unique)
+		 * \param parentEID
+		 * The entity ID of the parent. This does not call UpdateHierarchy hence
+		 * the parent of the entity is not updated until UpdateHierarchy is called.
+		 * \return
+		 * EntityID of the new Entity
+		***************************************************************************/
+		static EntityID CreateEntity(std::vector<ComponentTypeID>const& componentTypeIDs,std::string const& name = "Default", EntityID parentEID = MAX_EID);
+
+		/**************************************************************************
+		 * \brief
+		 * Create Entity using a vector of ComponentTypeIDs.
+		 * \param componentTypeIDs
+		 * Vector of ComponentTypeIDs. This assumes that CreateSparseSet is called
+		 * for these ComponentTypes.
+		 * \param name
+		 * Name of the Entity (this is not unique)
+		 * \param parentEID
+		 * The entity ID of the parent. This does not call UpdateHierarchy hence
+		 * the parent of the entity is not updated until UpdateHierarchy is called.
+		 * \return
+		 * EntityID of the new Entity
+		***************************************************************************/
+		static EntityID CreateEntity(std::vector<ComponentTypeID>const& componentTypeIDs, EntityID desiredEID, std::string const& name = "Default", EntityID parentEID = MAX_EID);
+
+		/**************************************************************************
+		 * \brief 
+		 * Destroy the entity and all components tied to this entity.
+		 * This calls Destroy Entity for all of its children as well.
+		 * \param eID
+		 * The entity ID of the entity
+		 * \return 
+		 * none
+		***************************************************************************/
+		static void DestroyEntity(EntityID eID) noexcept;
+
+		/**************************************************************************
+		 * \brief 
+		 * Destroy all Entities.
+		 * \return 
+		 * none
+		***************************************************************************/
+		static void DestroyAllEntity() noexcept;
+
+		/**************************************************************************
+		 * \brief 
+		 * Get the current number of entities.
+		 * \return 
+		 * Number of entities.
+		***************************************************************************/
+		static EntityIndex GetEntityCount() noexcept;
+
+		//static EntityID DuplicateEntity(EntityID eid) noexcept;
+
+	protected:
+
+
+	};
+
+
+}
+
+
+
+#endif

SHADE_Engine/src/Engine/ECS_Base/System/SHSystem.h

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+/*********************************************************************
+ * \file   SHSystem.h
+ * \author Daniel Chua Yee Chen
+ * \brief  Declaration for the SHSytem abstract base class
+ *
+ * \copyright Copyright (c) 2021 DigiPen Institute of Technology. Reproduction
+	 or disclosure of this file or its contents without the prior written
+	 consent of DigiPen Institute of Technology is prohibited.
+ *********************************************************************/
+
+#ifndef SH_SYSTEM_H
+#define SH_SYSTEM_H
+
+namespace SHADE
+{
+	class SHSystem
+	{
+	protected:
+		/*!*************************************************************************
+		 * \brief
+		 * Protected default constructor for SHSytem class
+		***************************************************************************/
+		SHSystem()= default;
+
+	public:
+		/*!*************************************************************************
+		* \brief
+		* Destructor for SHSytem class
+		***************************************************************************/
+		virtual ~SHSystem()  = default;
+		
+		/*!*************************************************************************
+		 * \brief 
+		 * Pure virtual Init function. Derived class must implement this
+		***************************************************************************/
+		virtual void Init() = 0;
+
+		/*!*************************************************************************
+		 * \brief 
+		 * Pure virtual Run function. Derived class must implement this
+		 * \param dt
+		 * Delta time
+		***************************************************************************/
+		virtual void Run(float dt) = 0;
+
+		/*!*************************************************************************
+		 * \brief 
+		 * Pure virtual Exit function. Derived class must implement this
+		***************************************************************************/
+		virtual void Exit() = 0;
+
+	};
+}
+
+#endif

SHADE_Engine/src/Engine/ECS_Base/System/SHSystemManager.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+/*********************************************************************
+ * \file   SHSystemManager.cpp
+ * \author Daniel Chua Yee Chen
+ * \brief  Implementation for the SHSystemManager class.
+ * SHSystemManager is the interface class where users of the engine create
+ * the systems that gives the components their functionality. This also
+ * ensures that the Init and Exit functions are ran at the appropriate time
+ *
+ * \copyright Copyright (c) 2021 DigiPen Institute of Technology. Reproduction
+	 or disclosure of this file or its contents without the prior written
+	 consent of DigiPen Institute of Technology is prohibited.
+ *********************************************************************/
+//#include "SHpch.h"
+#include "SHSystemManager.h"
+#include <iostream>
+
+namespace SHADE
+{
+	SHSystemManager::SystemContainer SHSystemManager::systemContainer;
+
+
+	SHSystem* SHSystemManager::GetSystem(std::string name)
+	{
+		if (systemContainer.find(name) == systemContainer.end())
+		{
+			assert("Get System Error: No system with such name exist.");
+			return nullptr;
+		}
+
+		return systemContainer.find(name)->second.get();
+	}
+
+	void SHSystemManager::Init() noexcept
+	{
+		for (auto& system : systemContainer)
+		{
+			system.second->Init();
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+			std::cout << system.first << " Init" << std::endl;
+#endif
+		}
+	}
+
+	void SHSystemManager::Exit() noexcept
+	{
+		for (auto& system : systemContainer)
+		{
+			system.second->Exit();
+			//delete system.second;
+		}
+
+		systemContainer.clear();
+
+	}
+
+
+}

SHADE_Engine/src/Engine/ECS_Base/System/SHSystemManager.h

@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+/*********************************************************************
+ * \file   SHSystemManager.h
+ * \author Daniel Chua Yee Chen
+ * \brief  Declaration for the SHSystemManager class.
+ * SHSystemManager is the interface class where users of the engine create
+ * the systems that gives the components their functionality. This also ensures that the Init and Exit functions are ran at the appropriate time
+ *
+ * \copyright Copyright (c) 2021 DigiPen Institute of Technology. Reproduction
+	 or disclosure of this file or its contents without the prior written
+	 consent of DigiPen Institute of Technology is prohibited.
+ *********************************************************************/
+
+
+#ifndef SH_SYSTEM_MANAGER_H
+#define SH_SYSTEM_MANAGER_H
+
+
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <cassert>
+#include "../System/SHSystem.h"
+
+
+namespace SHADE
+{
+
+	class SHSystemManager
+	{
+		//type definition for the container we use to store our system
+		using SystemContainer = std::unordered_map<std::string, std::unique_ptr<SHSystem>>;
+
+	private:
+		static SystemContainer systemContainer;
+
+
+	public:
+		/*!*************************************************************************
+		 * This class is used as a static class.
+		 * No objects of this type should be created
+		***************************************************************************/
+		SHSystemManager() = delete;
+		~SHSystemManager() = delete;
+
+		/**************************************************************************
+		 * \brief 
+		 * Create a system of type T and map it to a name.
+		 * throws an error if a system with the same name already exists.
+		 * \param name
+		 * name of the system
+		 * \return 
+		 * none
+		***************************************************************************/
+		template<typename T>
+		static std::enable_if_t<std::is_base_of_v<SHSystem, T>, void> CreateSystem(std::string const& name)
+		{
+			if (systemContainer.find(name) != systemContainer.end())
+			{
+				assert("System Creation Error: System with the same name already exist.");
+			}
+
+			systemContainer.emplace(name, std::make_unique<T>());
+
+
+		}
+
+		/**************************************************************************
+		 * \brief 
+		 * Get a pointer to the System with a specified name.
+		 * \param name
+		 * Name of the system in the map
+		 * \return 
+		 * Base System pointer.
+		***************************************************************************/
+		static SHSystem* GetSystem(std::string name);
+
+		/**************************************************************************
+		 * \brief 
+		 * Call the Init function of all systems.
+		 * \return 
+		 * none
+		***************************************************************************/
+		static void Init() noexcept;
+
+		/**************************************************************************
+		 * \brief 
+		 * Call the Exit function of all systems.
+		 * \return 
+		***************************************************************************/
+		static void Exit() noexcept;
+
+
+	protected:
+
+
+	};
+
+}
+
+
+
+#endif